We found nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone, isolated from vetiver oil is a strong repellent and toxicant to formosan subterranean termites. The formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus is an infamous termite pest species, but it is also an interesting model for studying the evolution of termites and. Pdf differences in tunneling behavior of coptotermes. Formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus order. Rhinotermitidae, for paratransgenesis research and application. Juvenile hormone analogs, such as methoprene, can induce workers to transform into presoldiers. Rhinotermitidae and its potential uses in the production of biofuels hongjie li, a jirong lu, a and jianchu mo a, formosan subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus shiraki and other woodfeeding insects have the ability to digest cellulose and. We examined the behavior of formosan subterranean termites toward one of the components of vetiver grass oil, the roots of which manufacture insect repellents. In the usa it is best known as a pest of buildings in urban areas, however c.
Download fulltext pdf details of the digestive system in the midgut of coptotermes formosanus shiraki article pdf available in journal of wood science 563. Nmr studies on lignocellulose deconstructions in the digestive system of the lower termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki skip to main content thank you for visiting. Pdf effect of termite soldiers on the foraging behavior. In order to reveal the inherent mechanisms for efficient biomass degradation, four different organs salivary glands, foregut. Interspecific competition and territory defense mechanisms of. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The tunneling ability of the formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki through a cellulose insulation material containing11. The majority of individuals in a colony are workers. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to infer the major features of the breeding system of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus, in southern japan, where it is believed to have been introduced from china. However, the detailed mechanisms of lignin modification and carbohydrate degradation in this system are still largely elusive. A total of 30 colonies was sampled from two islands kyushu and fukue located 100 km apart. The genus coptotermes contains the largest number of termite pests 28 species among the 3,100 termite species worldwide, and the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus, is the most widely distributed and most economically important. Coptotermes formosanus probably became established in florida in the early 1970s, remained.
Differences in tunneling behavior of coptotermes vastator and coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Aug 08, 2018 the formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus is an infamous termite pest species, but it is also an interesting model for studying the evolution of termites and a termitecontrol twofer. The results indicated that these two termite species construct quantitatively nnel systems, different tu supporting visual observations made in earlier studies. Coptotermes the top subterranean termite pests termite web. The formosan termite coptotermes formosanus is an invasive species of termite. Trichoderma species attract coptotermes formosanus and. In the usa, coptotermes formosanus is the top termite pest having been introduced into the country 50 years ago. Fumio yokohari, susumu shimizu, influence of fungal odor on grooming behavior of the termite, coptotermes formosanus, journal of insect science, volume 10, issue 1, 2010.
This document is eeny121, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. Water transport by coptotermes formosanus isoptera. H s i effect of orange oil extract on the formosan. Isolation and assessment of gut bacteria from the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Household and structural insects responses of coptotermes. It has been transported worldwide from its native range in southern china to formosa taiwan, where it gets its name and japan. Results of two bioassays in the current study showed that c. The formosan subterranean termite acquired its name because it was first described in taiwan in the early 1900s, but coptotermes formosanus is probably endemic to taiwan and southern china. Chromosome number in coptotermes formosanus lsoptera. Two entomopathogenic fungi, isaria fumosorosea and metarhizium anisopliae, and one. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Nootkatone is a repellent for formosan subterranean termite. Coptotermes formosanus formosan subterranean termite. Subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus jaya pest. The complete mitogenome of the formosan termite, coptotermes. Establishment and spread of two invasive subterranean termite. Coptotermes formosanus and coptotermes gestroi blattodea. Influence of fungal odor on grooming behavior of the termite, coptotermes formosanus. Coptotermes formosanus, known in its native china as the house white ant, was introduced to the southeast usa likely in the 1950s, where it is known as the formosan subterranean termite. Subterranean termites prefer wood decayed by certain species of fungi and avoid wood decayed by others amburgey 1979, becker 1976. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Pdf preferences of coptotermes formosanus shiraki and. Many are calling it the second battle of new orleans, the first having taken place in 1815, when general andrew jacksons troops defended the city from the british. Nootkatone is a repellent for formosan subterranean.
The results indicated that these two termite species construct quantitatively different tunnel systems. Putative distribution of coptotermes formosanus and coptotermes gestroi in the. In the 20th century, it became established in south africa, sri lanka, hawaii, and the continental united states. Coptotermes formosanus an overview sciencedirect topics. Once ashore, railroad ties provide a rapid method of moving and establishing large colonies of termites. Formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus. Pdf details of the digestive system in the midgut of. Pdf the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, and the asian subterranean termite, coptotermes gestroi. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, was first described as a species in 1909 from specimens collected on the asian island of formosa. Lethal time to mortality responses were established for eight insecticides against workers and soldiers of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, and workers of reticulitermes virginicus banks. In the 20th century, it became established in south africa, sri lanka, hawaii, and the continental united states the formosan termite is often nicknamed the supertermite because of its. Coptotermes is a genus of termites in the family rhinotermitidae. The genus is thought to have originated in southeastern asia.
Rhinotermitidae exhibit quantitatively different tunneling patterns. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus, with its huge colonies, is a major urban pest in several southern states and hawaii as well as in south asia. Household and structural insects responses of coptotermes formosanus and reticulitermes. Bland southern regional research center, usdaars, 1100 robert e.
Influence of fungal odor on grooming behavior of the termite. Because of their cryptic nature underground habitat and very long life cycle, not much is known about molting in termite workers. Formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus distribution. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is native to southern china and has been brought to many other regions in the world. There are about seventyone species, many of which are economically destructive pests. Workers and soldiers, formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus photo 5. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
The results indicated that these two termite species construct quantitatively different tunnel systems, supporting visual. Abstract paratransgenesis targeting the gut protozoa is being developed as an alternative method for the control of the formosan subterranean termite fst. Effect of termite soldiers on the foraging behavior of coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Although subterranean termites live within soil, little attention has been paid on the potential interaction among subterranean termites and soil microbes. Molting in workers of the formosan subterranean termite.
Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf effect of termite soldiers on the foraging behavior of coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Subterranean termites are social insects with five distinct forms castes. Pdf colony agedependent pathway in caste development of. Pdf dual cellulosedigesting system of the woodfeeding. Coptotermes formosanus was first reported to have been transported to japan in the 1600s from the southern fourteen provinces of china, and was later recorded to have infested hawaii in the late 1800s. There has been no study of water transfer by coptotermes formosanus shiraki, a notoriously invasive termite in the southern united states. The potential for transfer ofnonrepellent termiticide toxicants between workers of the formosan subterranean termitem coptotermes formosanus shiraki, was examined using two commercially available pesticide formulations and a simple donorrecipient model modified from current methods in the literature. Insecticide susceptibility in coptotermes formosanus and.
Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. How baiting one colony of formosan subterranean termites can knock out the colony next door. Key words coptotermes formosanus, orange oil extract, dlimonene, fumigation, tunneling behavior the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki isoptera. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, is one. Workers undergo double molts to transform into soldiers workerpresoldiersoldier.
Coptotermes formosanus shiraki and coptotermes gestroi wasmann formerly known as c. Physiological and chemical ecology trailfollowing behavior. Rhinotermitidae article pdf available in sociobiology 432. Physiological and chemical ecology trailfollowing behavior of coptotermes formosanus and reticulitermes. Today, the enemy isnt an army of redcoats, but an exotic insect, coptotermes formosanus a. The three castes of termites include the workers, soldiers and reproductives. Although several studies examined its phylogeographic patterns using a few mitochondrial genes, the phylogenetic relationships among c. Rhinotermitidae to three types of wood rot fungi cultured on different substrates mary l. Interspecific competition and territory defense mechanisms. Established in several tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Today, the enemy isnt an army of redcoats, but an exotic insect, coptotermes formosanusa.
In the 1600s the termite was transported to japan, and later brought to hawaii in the late 1800s. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, coptotermes. Woodfeeding termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, represents a highly efficient system for biomass deconstruction and utilization. Carton nest made from frass, soil, chewed wood and saliva, formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus. Oct 01, 2001 lethal time to mortality responses were established for eight insecticides against workers and soldiers of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, and workers of reticulitermes virginicus banks. Eeny121 formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki insecta. The formosan termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki is a wellknown invasive pest that causes severe damage to wooden structures in many parts of the world. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is native to china in the palearctic region, and has since been introduced to many other regions of the world.
Introduction crosslaminated timber clt is a prefabricated solid engineered wood product, made of at least three orthogonally oriented, facially bonded, layers of kilndried lumber. Oct 01, 2014 there has been no study of water transfer by coptotermes formosanus shiraki, a notoriously invasive termite in the southern united states. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Wherever there is wood cellulose and moisture there is the possibility that this species can inhabit that location. The termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki isoptera. Since formosan termite workers look very much like workers of other termite groups, the soldiers and winged alates are the castes that are useful to provide a correct identification. This report provides new evidence that the spread of c. Formosan subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus shiraki and other woodfeeding insects have the ability to digest cellulose and structurally modify or degrade lignin. Nmr studies on lignocellulose deconstructions in the. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis.
Insecticide susceptibility in coptotermes formosanus. Physiochemical lignocellulose modification by the formosan. Termites have a distinct polyphenism controlled by concise hormonal and molecular mechanisms. Coptotermes formosanus shiraki is the most destructive, difficult to control and. This termite species has been estimated to cause damage valued at one billion dollars annually in the united states of america and. It is now generally accepted that the termite is native to china and it is formosa. Immunerelated transcriptome of coptotermes formosanus. Tunneling behavior and the spatial dispersion of tunnels constructed by the subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus shiraki and coptotermes gestroi wasmann formerly known as c.
Isolation and assessment of gut bacteria from the formosan. We examined the physical and chemical changes to lignocellulosic components of chinese red pine pinus massoniana after passing through the termite c. This destructive species was apparently transported to japan prior to the 1600s and to hawaii in the late 1800s su and tamashiro 1987. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus, has spread by marine commerce to semitropical and tropical seaports throughout the world. Feng li, rouling yang, and nanyao su interspecific competition and territory defense mechanisms of coptotermes formosanus and coptotermes gestroi isoptera. Durability of cross laminated timber against termite damage. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is an invasive urban pest in the. A case study of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes. Nmr studies on lignocellulose deconstructions in the digestive system of the lower termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki. Colony and population genetic structure of the formosan. Coptotermes formosanus is a subterranean termite with an affinity for damp places. Transcriptome analysis of the digestive system of a wood. The potential for transfer ofnonrepellent termiticide toxicants between workers of the formosan subterranean termitem coptotermes formosanus shiraki, was examined using two commercially available pesticide formulations and a. Bioassays using arenas with a dry food source connected to a moist substrate by either a short tube 10 cm or a long tube 100 cm were.
There were significant differences in the tolerance ratios between workers of c. They perform all the tasks required to maintain a colony. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the workertopresoldier transformation in coptotermes formosanus shiraki. Herein, we conducted different choice tests to investigate aggregation and tunneling behaviors of coptotermes formosanus shiraki responding to soilsand treated with conidia of seven soil fungi, trichoderma longibrachiatum rifai. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki isoptera. Formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki insecta. In australia, coptotermes acinaciformis is regarded as the most serious termite pest. Physiochemical lignocellulose modification by the formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus shiraki isoptera. Formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki. Formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus. Influence of fungal odor on grooming behavior of the. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, and the asian subterranean termite, coptotermes gestroi wasmann, are both pests of wood in service in hawaii and florida.
Colonies are typically located in the ground with galleries extending into surrounding. Rhinotermitidae protects itself from entomopathogenic fungus by mutual grooming behavior. Rhinotermitidae is a serious pest that infests economically important crops and structures such as houses, buildings, boats, utility poles and underground telephone cables. We conducted a laboratory study using method modified from those described in standard e109 of the american wood protection association awpa 2009 to assess the termite resistance of three. Effects of exposure duration on transfer of nonrepellent.
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